ESL970G
Advanced Grammar and Editing with Marsha Chan
Directions, Part 2
After you have printed and read the article and highlighted the dependent
clauses, compare your highlights to those on this page. For each yellow highlighted clause,
tell which type of dependent clause it is
(a) an adverb clause
(b) a noun clause
(c) a relative (adjective or adverb) clause.
Check your answer by clicking on the footnote number after the yellow highlighted clause.
There are also footnotes after selected words and phrases; these footnotes
give definitions.
I
want a cigarette so bad
WHERE'S
THE MIRACLE THAT WAS SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN WHEN I QUIT?
Posted
on Sun, Apr. 17, 2005 http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/editorial/11417227.htm
Mercury
News editor Michelle Guido is still waiting for the benefits of a smoke-free
life to kick in.
A
PERSONAL VIEW
By
Michelle Guido
I don't remember my first cigarette. I don't even have a strong memory of my last cigarette 15 weeks ago. But I know that I loved smoking [1] , and I miss it every day. I want one right now, in fact.
I
quit because I'm not an idiot
[2]
-- I know it's
not healthy
[3]
. Most smokers do. And my biological clock just won't
get off my back; I know that I shouldn't be a smoker and
plan to have a baby
[4]
. I'm aware of all the risks associated with smoking.
And they scare me.
But
I expected something miraculous to happen the moment I stopped lighting up
[5]
.
People
told me how much better I would feel
[6]
, only I didn't feel bad before. They said food would taste better
[7]
, but I haven't noticed a marked difference. They
said I would smell better
[8]
, and on that score
[9]
they're right. But when
you're a smoker
[10]
, you don't realize that
you smell bad
[11]
-- and you learn ways to compensate: cologne in
the purse, gum at the ready. So in terms of benefit, that one has really felt
like a wash
[12]
.
Frankly,
I expected to gain lung capacity -- and that hallmark self-righteousness
[13]
of former smokers -- overnight. But that didn't happen,
either.
When I started smoking in college 18 years ago,
[14]
more of my friends smoked than not. Now I can count on
two hands the number of smokers in my circle of friends and acquaintances.
And among my closest friends, I was the only remaining full-time smoker.
I
didn't quit because of the growing hostility
toward smokers
[15]
. That's even taken hold in Italy -- Italy! -- which
in January banned smoking in all enclosed public place
[16]
, becoming the third European country, after Ireland
and Norway, to do so. But here in California, it's been seven years since we've been able to light up in bars and restaurants
[17]
.
I
know it's been only a short time
[18]
since
I stopped my pack-a-day habit
[19]
, but I'm less proud of myself for quitting than
I am fixated on what I've lost
[20]
.
I
haven't hung out with my smoking buddies at work since January, so I feel
isolated. Because the smoking area is a patio
off the cafeteria
[21]
, I stay away from the cafeteria altogether, cutting
down on the possibility of interacting with smokers, and thus, temptation.
But that leaves me doubly isolated because
the cafeteria is
[22]
where I could hang with non-smoking
co-workers
[23]
.
I'm
still afraid to take long car trips, because
I loved smoking and driving
[24]
. I quit coffee before
I quit cigarettes
[25]
because I loved to smoke
[26]
while
I drank coffee
[27]
. And believe it or not, I closely associated smoking
with cleaning house. So my house and my life seem more out of control than
before.
My
boyfriend is one of those rare people who
can smoke occasionally
[28]
-- a cigarette a week, or one a month. He doesn't
smoke around me anymore, but I'm envious of him. If
I could smoke like that
[29]
I would never, ever quit. That's how much I loved it
[30]
.
The
hardest thing about quitting for me has proved to be finding other ways to
deal with stress and other excuses to take a break from work. I used to take
a 15-minute smoke break about every two hours. Now I frequently sit at my
desk for five or six hours without a break. That can't be healthy.
And
because smoking was my preferred
method of stress relief at work
[31]
, I'm now in a perpetual state of anxiety and rage.
Before, I could remove myself from a stressful situation, or prepare for the
stress of deadline, by going outside for a smoke -- and it worked. After a
cigarette, I was less stressed, more able to concentrate. At least it felt
that way.
Now
my head feels like it's
going to explode
[32]
when
stressful situations come up at work
[33]
. I feel like I'm
going to have a stroke every day
[34]
, even
though I never felt that way as a smoker
[35]
, when
the risk was highest.
[36]
So
what have I gained since quitting, you ask? Fifteen pounds.
I
realize that my life will be healthier
[37]
because
I've quit
[38]
. And I have noticed some subtle changes. My teeth
are whiter, and, well, I'm vain, so that's a good thing. I don't feel like
I'm going to die after 20 minutes on the StairMaster anymore
[39]
; now I can make it to 30 minutes without wanting
to die. And at 37, I no longer have to hide my smoking habit from my mother,
who -- until she reads this -- never knew I was a smoker
[40]
.
I'm
still struggling every day to keep from lighting up. I was visiting my mom
in Florida a month after
I quit
[41]
when
I had an epiphany
[42]
. I had a spontaneous coughing fit, brought on by
dust in her garage. And I realized I
hadn't coughed -- at all -- in nearly four weeks
[43]
.
I
think of that sometimes when
I'm tempted
[44]
. But for everyone's sake, I hope the ``reformed smoker'' righteousness never sets in
[45]
, because
I never liked those folks before
[46]
, and I certainly don't want to become one now.
[1] noun clause = Direct object (DO) of transitive verb (VT) know. I know (vt) something (The direct object can be a noun, pronoun, noun phrase, gerund, or noun clause)
[2] adverbial clause of reason
[3] noun clause = DO of transitive verb (VT) know
[4]
noun clause = DO of transitive verb (VT) know.
Unlike the previous two noun clauses, thisone uses the optional subordinator
that.
[6] noun clause = DO of transitive verb (VT) know
[7] noun clause = DO of transitive verb (VT) said
[8] noun clause. They said (vt) + ___
[9] on that score, on that account, in that regard
[10] adverbial clause of time
[11] noun clause = DO of transitive verb (VT) realize
[12]
a wash. Noun. Informal. An activity, action, or enterprise that yields neither marked gain
nor marked loss.
[13]
hallmark, n. distinctive characteristic
self-righteous, adj. Piously sure of one's own righteousness;
moralistic.
[14] adverbial clause of time
[15] adverbial clause of reason
[16]
nonrestrictive relative clause, modifying Italy
[17] adverbial clause of time
[18] noun clause = DO of transitive verb (VT) know
[19] adverbial clause time
[20]
noun clause object of preposition on
[21] adverbial clause of reason
[22] adverbial clause of reason
[23] adverbial clause of place
[24] adverbial clause of reason
[25] adverbial clause of time
[26] adverbial clause of reason
[27] adverbial clause of time
[28]
restrictive relative adjective clause, modifying people
[29] adverbial clause
[30]
noun clause = noun complement of is
(vl)
[31] adverbial clause of reason
[32]
noun clause = object of preposition (OPrep) like
[33] adverbial clause of time
[34] noun clause = OPrep like
[35] adverbial clause of contrast
[36] adverbial clause of time
[37] noun clause = DO of transitive verb (VT) realize
[38] adverbial clause of reason
[39] noun clause = OPrep like
[40]
nonrestrictive relative adjective clause, modifying mother
[41] adverbial clause of time
[42] adverbial clause of time
[43] noun clause = DO of transitive verb (VT) realize
[44] adverbial clause of time
[45] noun clause. hope (vt)+ ___
[46] adverbial clause of reason